What
is active voice?
Active voice happen in an action verb, the subject performs
the action denoted by the verb. The subject in active voice is doing the verb’s
action.
S
+ V + O
characteristic of active voice :
1.
The subject of sentence in active form is at
the starting of the sentence.
2.
Subject is followed by the form of ‘to be’,
verb and object.
3.
We can say that verb is in the Active
Voice.
4.
An active voice tells clearly about the
action who has done it.
Examples of active voice :
1.
Sue
changed the flat tire.
2.
The boy
kicks the ball.
3.
We are
going to watch a movie tonight
What is Passive voice?
In passive voice
sentences, the subject is acted upon by the verb.
S + to be + V3 + By…
Characteristic of
passive voice :
1. When we change the sentence from
active to passive voice, the object becomes the subject.
2. We can use sentences with only
transitive verbs in passive voice that is we can change the sentences having
object into this voice.
3. This form may or may not tell
clearly about the action who has done it.
4. To make clear the action who has
done it we should add ‘by’
Examples of passive
voice :
1. The
flat tire was changed by Sue.
2. The
ball was kicked by the boy.
3. A
movie is going to be watched tonight by us.
source: thebestuknow.com/english-grammar/active-passive-voice/
What
is Transitive verb?
Transitive verb is a verb that
needs a direct object to complete its meaning. Bring, enjoy, and prefer are transitive verbs.
example : She
loves animal. (loves as a verb and animal as a direct object)
He buys chocolate for me. (uys as a verb and
chocolate as a direct object)
What is Intransitive verb?
Intransitive verb is a verb that
does not need a direct object to complete its meaning.
example : We
talked for hours.
They laugh uncontrollably.
TENSES
Simple
Present Tense
Simple sentence present
tense is a sentence commonly used when:
•
Saying a word that is customary.
•
Say something that is common.
•
Saying an event that has been scheduled or planned.
v Subject + Verb1/Verb-s/ Verb-es
Examples :
1. I
am a University student. (Saya adalah seorang mahasiswa)
2. You
are a singer. (Kamu adalah seorang penyanyi)
3. I
go to the library everyday. (Saya pergi ke perpustakaan setiap hari)
4. We
love Indonesia. (Kami cinta Indonesia)
Simple Past Tense
A
simple past tense is usually used when:
•
Reveals an event occurring at a certain time in the past.
•
Reveals a recurring habit or event in the past.
v Subject + Verb 2
Examples
:
1. I
was so busy busy last week. (Saya sangat sibuk minggu lalu)
2. I
went to campus yesterday. (Saya pergi ke kampus kemarin)
3. He
always studied hard when he was a student. (Dia selalu belajar keras ketika dia
masih menjadi seorang pelajar)
Present Continuous Tense
The
sentence present continuous tense is a sentence used when:
•
Ongoing events.
•
Upcoming events, but the time is near.
v Subject + Am/Is/Are + Verb-ing
Examples
:
1. I
am watcging television now. (Saya sedang menonton televisi sekarang)
2. We
are learning mathematics now. (Kami sedang belajar matematika sekarang)
3. Chelsi
is reading a novel right now. (Chelsi sedang membaca novel sekarang)
Present Perfect Tense
The
perfect present tense is usually used when:
•
Reveals an action or activity that has been completed before now.
•
Reveals an act or activity that was done in the past and still has something to
do with the present time.
•
Disclose an activity that has been completed, but the results / consequences
can be felt at this time.
Subject + Has/Have + Verb 3
Examples
:
1. I
have been here for two hours. (Saya sudah di sini selama dua jam)
2. She
has eaten all the food. (Dia sudah memakan semua makanan itu)
3. My
friend has taught English since two years ago. (Temanku telah mengajar bahasa
inggris sejak duaa tahun yang lalu)
4. She
has read this book. (Dia telah membaca buku ini)
Perfect Continuous Tense
Present
perfect continuous tense is usually used when:
•
Reveals an activity long enough, which began in the past and still lasts until
now.
Subject + Has/Have +
been + Verb-ing.
Examples
:
1. We
have been learning English for ten years. (Kami telah sedang belajar bahasa
inggris selama sepuluh tahun)
2. My
brother has been able to driving a car for two years. (sadara laki-laki ku
sudah dapat mengendarai mobil selama dua tahun)
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense is commonly used
when:
•
Reveals an action that occurred before any other action occurred in the past.
So there are two actions in that sentence.
•
An event or condition or event that lasted for a certain time in the past, but
has stopped before now.
Subject + Had + Verb 3
Examples :
1. He
had been here before I came. (Dia sudah disini sebelum aku datang)
2. Chelsi
had lived in Jakarta for tn years before she moved to Amerika. (Chelsi sudah
tinggal di Jakarta selama sepuluh tahun sebelum dia pindah ke Amerika)
Modal Auxiliaries
ü Can
– Could commonly used to express the ability, declare the possibility, ask
permission, and the request or request is polite.
Examples : Chelsi can speak English very
fluently
Could you tell me your name, please?
ü May
– Might often used to express the possibility and request permission.
Examples : Chelsi, you may go home now.
May I meet you now?
ü Must
is used for strong obligations.
Examples : You must present your paper tomorrow.
You must be hungry.
Source : Tumijo, 2009. Successful Strategies for
Toefl. Pustaka Widyatama : Yogyakarta
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